How is Poverty Measured?

Having traveled to the field for my work with Heifer, I’ve seen true poverty firsthand. Heck, I can find poverty within my own neighborhood. So I know what it looks like. But just how is it measured?

Poverty in Uganda

Photo by Brooke Edwards, courtesy of Heifer International.

The World Bank, which measures a lot of data points in more than 200 countries and has a very thorough website specifically for sharing their data, has a video that explains how they measure poverty.

It’s important to measure things that you’d like to end. If we’re going to end poverty, we have to know where we’re starting from. But I feel like this video really leaves some major considerations out. It appears income and consumption are the primary measures of wellbeing. So, once a family earns enough income and consumes enough goods, they’re considered “above” the poverty line. But are they really out of poverty? Just how easily can they fall right back “below” the poverty line?

At Heifer, we work hard to ensure our participants – individuals, families and communities – truly move out of poverty so they aren’t likely to fall back into poverty. We do this by helping them build assets, grow savings and develop real security. These accomplishments allow them to be more resilient to things like natural disasters or an illness in the family.

Freedom from poverty in Malawi.

Freedom from poverty in Malawi. Photo by Jake Lyell, courtesy of Heifer International.

What do you think about how poverty is measured? What else seems to be missing? Tell us in the comments section below.

Measuring Impact is Critical to Tracking Success

Yesterday I shared with you how important community development is to true economic development in impoverished communities. Today, I want to share the importance of measuring impact in ensuring Heifer International’s efforts around the world are working.

At Heifer, impact is essential to prove the progress and transformation we promise to donors, and also necessary to show funders such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Bank the change they are making possible. For that we track data points such as nutrition, access to water, income, diet, and productive capacity—global baseline indicators. It gives us the ability not only to report out on improvements, but also to adapt in a very dynamic world.

Today we don’t have the luxury of waiting—our families don’t have the luxury of waiting—for data. Real life is real time, so we need the ability to see into what is happening in our projects at any given point in time and to adapt and adjust as needed.

Impact in Peru

Photo by Jake Lyell, courtesy of Heifer International.

So serious is this for us that in 2005 we contracted with evaluators from Western Michigan University to conduct thorough explorations of our work. The researchers visited 140 Heifer projects in 20 countries and interviewed 5,000 Heifer program participants, measuring accountability and transparency, community spirit, gender equity, training, diets, incomes, the health and care of livestock and environment.

Post review, Western Michigan University evaluators reported that, “It is beyond doubt that in all 20 of the countries we have examined, Heifer has brought large overall benefits to very large numbers of low income rural families.” Those benefits were all products of the collective impact we talk about, the cross-sector cooperation and collaboration.

Our monitoring and evaluation efforts have also been recently highlighted in a Hilton Laureate Sourcebook, along with work by Operation Smile, Partners in Health and Women for Women. Knowledge centers such as these are key for all of us as we move forward, for just as important as the agricultural focus is a need to utilize new and promising technology into our work—all our work.

Impact in Peru

Photo by Jake Lyell, courtesy of Heifer International.

Technology isn’t just a timesaver or a money-saver; it’s proving that its most important role is fast becoming a lifesaver, as we saw in Haiti and China after earthquakes and Uganda after mudslides. Internet access, web-based applications, smart cell phone networks, radios, even digital cameras are all important tools for our future and that of the smallholder farmer.

All of this reflects Norman Borlaug’s legacy. He was a pioneer of the power of public-private partnerships, of the importance of education and training, of blending holistic solutions with science to create sustainable solutions for a hungry world. He created the primer we all use in one way or another to enable families here and everywhere to feed themselves, and to do it in a way that improves, not demeans, the planet.

Norman Borlaug said two things that stand out for me personally. The first, that, “Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world,” is so hugely important right now.

With food prices rising, the climate undergoing dramatic change, access to healthy, affordable, nutritious food is critically important, not only to a population that is both growing and growing more hungry, but for a stable world. There can be no lasting peace as long as there are starving, suffering people.

Norman Borlaug also said that there are no miracles in agricultural production. I can’t say that I agree with him on that, at least not wholly. For I, like you, have witnessed miracle after miracle in food production, by families who, when provided some help, some training, some tools and resources, have used their own energy, their own ideas and their own entrepreneurship to grow great bounty, to build complex businesses out of what most of us would consider a miniscule investment.

Impact is Important for Small Farmers

Photo by Jake Lyell, courtesy of Heifer International.

I believe that there are miracles in agricultural production—every day, here in the United States as we see a renewed interest in farming by young people, a renewed interest in knowing the source of our food and sourcing locally, and around the world as smallholder farmers work, first to become self-determining and self-sustaining, and then to connect and contribute to the food and value chain so that they can help feed the world.

So, how do we do that? Well, “it begins with a cow…”

Come back tomorrow to the Heifer Blog to learn how important livestock is to helping smallholder farmers feed their families, their communities and the world.

Heifer CEO Speaks at World Food Prize 2012

This week I am honored to be a part of the World Food Prize 2012 Borlaug Dialogue in Des Moines, Iowa, to represent the work of Heifer International and to help give voice to the millions of smallholder farmers who struggle daily against enormous odds to feed themselves and their families.

The World Food Prize is an incredible event, founded by Dr. Norman E. Borlaug in 1986, that honors outstanding individuals from all over the world who have made substantial contributions in the fight against hunger.

World Food Prize 2010

World Food Prize 2010 co-recipients, Jo Luck and David Beckmann. Photo courtesy of Heifer International.

It was only two years ago that Heifer’s then-president, Jo Luck, and Bread for the World President David Beckmann accepted the World Food Prize. It was a milestone—the first time the prize recognized the critical achievements that non-governmental organizations, such as Heifer International and Bread for the World, are making empowering everyday people everywhere to help end hunger.

I am humbled to be standing in their shadow and honored to be carrying on Jo Luck’s legacy. Since that October day in 2010, Heifer has helped another four million families move beyond subsistence to resilience, bringing our total to more than 18 million families assisted.

World Food Prize

Photo courtesy of Heifer International.

We cannot end hunger and poverty on our own. The direction that Heifer is embarking on will move us closer to achieving our mission of ending hunger and poverty and caring for the Earth. We are building on our past success to help more families than ever before by increasing our scale of impact. And our persistent efforts have not gone unnoticed. We have caught the attention of many large and impactful organizations such as the International Fund for Agricultural Development, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Bank and United States Agency for International Development. I met with these organizations when I traveled to India, Nepal and Cambodia. They have seen the socioeconomic advancements in our project communities, generated by our work, and  they are interested in integrating with our efforts to empower families.

World Food Prize

Photo courtesy of Heifer International.

Speaking at the World Food Prize, surrounded by the luminaries of the development world, means that Heifer is being recognized as a key player. These next few years will be exciting and full of promise. But don’t just be an observer, get involved. Everyone has a role to play in ending hunger and poverty and your involvement in your own community can help the families all over the world with whom we work.

Heifer CEO Travels: An Update from Nepal

It has been more than a year since my last visit to Nepal and it feels good to be back! I’m anxious to see the changes that have occurred since I have been gone.

My first visit was to Kathmandu and to meet with Heifer Nepal staff. They are truly a talented team with a total commitment to building social capital as THE way to successful rural agricultural development. They understand the impact of the 12 Cornerstones and include these values into project work.

Nepal has implemented the Nepal Signature Project that will embody our work of increasing our impact. This project hopes to serve 140,000 farmers in goat and dairy value chain enterprises to increase families’ nutrition and income. The Nepal staff is very confident and very excited at the impact they will have on so many lives. I really am in awe of the amazing work that the Nepal staff has accomplished regarding this project since January.

Heifer International CEO Pierre Ferrari's first trip into the field to Asia (Nepal country programs).

After my initial meeting with Heifer Nepal, I spent the rest of the afternoon meeting with government officials and project collaborators who have pledged to support our work.

My second day was spent in various meetings with representatives from World Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).  There were interesting discussions. As Dr. Gayatri Acharya, acting Country Director for the World Bank in Nepal, said, “Money is not the problem, there is plenty of money. It is [lack of] responsible execution that is the problem.” In Heifer’s case, I know that Nepal Country Director, Dr. Shubh Mahato, and his staff have built incredible relationships with various organizations that will enhance our current work and demonstrate our commitment and comparative advantage in the building of social capital.

Nepal is very poor with continuing poverty, malnutrition, unemployment and corruption. It is apparent that Heifer NEEDS to be here, and in working with our partners to increase our impact, Heifer will be a key player in eradicating poverty.

Heifer International CEO Pierre Ferrari's first trip into the field to Asia (Nepal country programs).

Puja Singh, Communications and Network Officer for Nepal, shared some of my visit to the Kabilash village in her post “First Steps into Sustainability.” This village is home to a little more than 1,000 families who will be a part of the Nepal Signature Project. As Puja mentioned, this was my first time meeting with a Self Help Group (SHG) prior to receiving training. It is evident that life is not easy and the women were very shy and nervous. The Nepal staff explained how radical the change is after participating in Cornerstone training, and these women will be more assertive and confident. We met with a second group, who are in a similar situation as the first group. Their agroecological and livestock practices are inadequate; their animals are sick, ill fed and scrawny and do not fetch good prices and have high mortality rates.  They mentioned to us they were hungry and struggled to find the next meal for themselves and their children. It was a very sobering experience. I would like to think that we shared hope with these families, knowing that Heifer would soon be working with them to support their efforts to attain self-reliance.  We also met with some SHGs that have been Heifer project participants for more than two years. The contrast was amazing. Their success has been motivating for the new groups preparing to engage in Heifer projects.

The following day we visited the Devitar village. This was the village I visited 18 months earlier, in my first trip to Nepal. The participants are thriving and their income is up substantially. It really was quite moving to see the continued progress.

Heifer CEO Pierre Ferrari visits Nepal projects.

As my time in Nepal came to a close, I visited additional Heifer projects in the Chepang area. Although they were all at different stages in their projects, you could see their progress. The Cornerstones training has really served them well as a foundational basis for their work. One of the groups even received a visit from the Prime Minister of Nepal! These SHGs understand that scale matters and they are now they most visible and impactful advocates for their communities. I’m pleased to see that many of the SHGs are led by some forceful and confident women. I truly wish that you could experience the power and excitement from these projects.

My journey continues onto Thailand and Cambodia. The days have been very long, but as I have mentioned before, I am energized by the people I meet!

Namaste.